@article{Nazarenko2022_Techrxiv,
 author = {Emiliia Nazarenko and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Stavros
	G. Stavrinides and Nico Mexis and Florian Frank and Tolga Arul and
	Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Real-World Chaos-Based Cryptography Using Synchronised Chua Chaotic
	Circuits}},
 year = {2022},
 month = {9},
 doi = {10.36227/techrxiv.21030466.v1},
 url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sec.1690}
 }

@article{Anagnostopoulos2022_Techrxiv,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Yufan Fan and Muhammad Umair
	Saleem and Nico Mexis and Florian Frank and Tolga Arul and Stefan
	Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{On the Sustainability of Lightweight Cryptography Based on PUFs
	Implemented on NAND Flash Memories Using Programming Disturbances}},
 year = {2022},
 month = {9},
 doi = {10.36227/techrxiv.19529263.v2},
 url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sec.1690}
}

@article{Mexis2021_JETC,
 author = {Nico Mexis and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Shuai Chen
	and Jan Bambach and Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {A Lightweight Architecture for Hardware-Based Security in the Emerging
	Era of Systems of Systems},
 journal = {J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.},
 year = {2021},
 volume = {17},
 number = {3},
 month = {jun},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 articleno = {43},
 doi = {10.1145/3458824},
 issn = {1550-4832},
 issue_date = {June 2021},
 keywords = {System of systems, hardware and software security co-engineering,
	IoT 2.0, Internet of Things},
 numpages = {25},
 publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}
}

@article{Anagnostopoulos2020_TOIT,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Saad Ahmad and Tolga Arul
	and Daniel Steinmetzer and Matthias Hollick and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Low-Cost Security for Next-Generation IoT Networks}},
 journal = {ACM Trans. Internet Technol.},
 year = {2020},
 volume = {20},
 number = {3},
 month = {sep},
 abstract = {In recent years, the ubiquitous nature of Internet-of-Things (IoT)
	applications as well as the pervasive character of next-generation
	communication protocols, such as the 5G technology, have become widely
	evident. In this work, we identify the need for low-cost security
	in current and next-generation IoT networks and address this demand
	through the implementation, testing, and validation of an intrinsic
	low-cost and low-overhead hardware-based security primitive within
	an inherent network component. In particular, an intrinsic Physical
	Unclonable Function (PUF) is implemented in the peripheral network
	module of a tri-band commercial off-the-shelf router. Subsequently,
	we demonstrate the robustness of this PUF to ambient temperature
	variations and to limited natural aging, and examine in detail its
	potential for securing the next generation of IoT networks and other
	applications. Finally, the security of the proposed PUF-based schemes
	is briefly assessed and discussed.},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 articleno = {30},
 doi = {10.1145/3406280},
 issn = {1533-5399},
 issue_date = {September 2020},
 keywords = {peripheral, 60 GHz, physical unclonable function (PUF), static random
	access memory (SRAM), Internet of Things (IoT)},
 numpages = {31},
 publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}
}

@article{Muth2020,
 author = {Philipp Muth and Matthias Geihs and Tolga Arul and Johannes Buchmann
	and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{ELSA: efficient long-term secure storage of large datasets (full
	version) *}},
 journal = {EURASIP Journal on Information Security},
 year = {2020},
 volume = {2020},
 pages = {9},
 number = {1},
 month = {May},
 day = {27},
 doi = {10.1186/s13635-020-00108-9},
 issn = {2510-523X}
}

@article{Heinrich2020_arXiv,
 author = {Markus Heinrich and Arwed G{\"{o}}lz and Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Rule-based Anomaly Detection for Railway Signalling Networks},
 journal = {CoRR},
 year = {2020},
 volume = {abs/2008.05241},
 month = {8},
 archiveprefix = {arXiv},
 bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org},
 biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2008-05241.bib},
 doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2008.05241},
 eprint = {2008.05241},
 url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sec.1690}
}

@article{Puellen2020_Micpro,
 author = {Dominik {P\"{u}llen} and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and
	Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Securing FlexRay-based in-vehicle networks}},
 journal = {Microprocessors and Microsystems},
 year = {2020},
 volume = {77},
 pages = {103144},
 month = {9},
 abstract = {In this work, we propose defense techniques against message spoofing
	attacks in FlexRay networks. For this purpose, we explore how to
	leverage the slot- and channel-based FlexRay communication for ensuring
	the authenticity of safety-critical in-vehicle traffic. In particular,
	we suggest to split authentication tags across two physical independent
	channels, allowing for their concurrent transmission. This eventually
	leads to a higher degree of fault-tolerance and security. We put
	a special focus on the efficient management and distribution of cryptographic
	keys by using reversed hash chains. They allow us to derive new and
	forward-secure keys at low cost during operational runtime. Our evaluation
	consists of both a discussion and a practical implementation on an
	exemplary network. Assuming constrained hardware resources, we conclude
	that authentication for groups of time slots is the most promising
	approach in terms of timing and computational overhead.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103144},
 issn = {0141-9331},
 keywords = {FlexRay, Security, Authentication, Key updates, Safety}
}

@article{Anagnostopoulos2019_MICPRO,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul and Markus Rosenstihl
	and Andr{\'e} Schaller and Sebastian Gabmeyer and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Attacking SRAM PUFs using very-low-temperature data remanence}},
 journal = {Microprocessors and Microsystems},
 year = {2019},
 volume = {71},
 pages = {102864},
 month = {8},
 doi = {10.1016/j.micpro.2019.102864},
 issn = {0141-9331},
 keywords = {Physical Unclonable Function (PUF), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM),
	Data remanence, Data retention, Low temperature, Attack}
}

@article{Heinrich2018_SACNWiley,
 author = {Markus Heinrich and Tsvetoslava Vateva-Gurova and Tolga Arul and
	Stefan Katzenbeisser and Neeraj Suri and Henk Birkholz and Christoph
	Krau{\ss} and Maria Zhdanova and Don Kuzhiyelil and Sergey Tverdyshev
	and Christian Schlehuber},
 title = {{Security Requirements Engineering in Safety-Critical Railway Signalling
	Networks}},
 journal = {Security and Communication Networks},
 year = {2018},
 volume = {9},
 pages = {5203-5218},
 number = {18},
 month = {7},
 doi = {10.1155/2019/8348925},
 keywords = {zero watermarking, e-healthcare, Jacobian matrix, authentication,
	robustness, medical images},
 url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sec.1690}
}

@article{Anagnostopoulos2018_MDPI,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul and Yufan Fan
	and Christian Hatzfeld and Andr{\'e} Schaller and Wenjie Xiong and
	Manishkumar Jain and Muhammad Umair Saleem and Jan Lotichius and
	Sebastian Gabmeyer and Jakub Szefer and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Intrinsic {Run-Time} {Row} {Hammer} {PUFs}: Leveraging the Row Hammer
	Effect for Run-Time Cryptography and Improved Security},
 journal = {Cryptography},
 year = {2018},
 volume = {2},
 number = {3},
 month = {6},
 doi = {10.3390/cryptography2030013},
 issn = {2410-387X},
 url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sec.1690}
}

@article{Arul2016_JSA,
 author = {Tolga Arul and Abdulhadi Shoufan},
 title = {Subscription-free {Pay-TV} over {IPTV}},
 journal = {Journal of Systems Architecture},
 year = {2016},
 volume = {64},
 pages = {37 - 49},
 month = {12},
 note = {{Real-Time} Signal Processing in Embedded Systems},
 doi = {10.1016/j.sysarc.2015.12.001},
 issn = {1383-7621},
 keywords = {Pay-TV, IPTV, DVB, Charging, Rekeying, Multicast}
}

@article{Shoufan2011_JSS,
 author = {Abdulhadi Shoufan and Tolga Arul},
 title = {{A Benchmarking Environment for Performance Evaluation of Tree-based
	Rekeying Algorithms}},
 journal = {Journal of Systems and Software},
 year = {2011},
 volume = {84},
 pages = {1130--1143},
 number = {7},
 month = {jul},
 acmid = {1988469},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2011.02.006},
 issn = {0164-1212},
 issue_date = {July, 2011},
 keywords = {Benchmarking, Group rekeying algorithms, Performance evaluation, Simulation},
 numpages = {14},
 publisher = {Elsevier Science Inc.},
 url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sec.1690}
}

@inproceedings{Frank2022_MOCAST,
 author = {Florian Frank and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Simon B{\"o}ttger
	and Sascha Hermann and Tolga Arul and Stavros G.Stavrinides and Stefan
	Katzenbeisser},
 title = {A Dedicated Mixed-Signal Characterisation and Testing Framework for
	Novel Digital Security Circuits That Use Carbon-Nanotube-Based Physical
	Unclonable Functions},
 booktitle = {2022 11th International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems
	Technologies (MOCAST)},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {1-4},
 month = {7},
 doi = {10.1109/MOCAST54814.2022.9837567}
}

@inproceedings{Frank2022_ESORICS,
 author = {Florian Frank and Tolga Arul and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos
	and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Using Memristor Arrays as Physical Unclonable Functions},
 booktitle = {Computer Security -- ESORICS 2022},
 year = {2022},
 editor = {Atluri, Vijayalakshmi and Di Pietro, Roberto and Jensen, Christian
	D. and Meng, Weizhi},
 volume = {13556},
 pages = {250--271},
 address = {Cham},
 month = {9},
 publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-17143-7_13},
 isbn = {978-3-031-17143-7}
}

@inproceedings{Geloczi2022_CT34,
 author = {Emiliia Gel\'{o}czi and Nico Mexis and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos
	and Florian Frank and Tolga Arul and Stavros G. Stavrinides and Stefan
	Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Secure Communication via Chaotic Cryptography}},
 booktitle = {crypto day matters 34},
 year = {2022},
 editor = {Loebenberger, Daniel AND N\"{u}sken, Michael},
 address = {Bonn},
 month = {6},
 publisher = {Gesellschaft f\"{u}r Informatik e.V./ FG KRYPTO},
 doi = {10.18420/cdm-2021-33-41}
}

@inproceedings{Geloczi2022_ICCEBerlin,
 author = {Emiliia Gel\'{o}czi and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Nico
	Mexis and Yufan Fan and Muhammed Umair Saleem and Andr{\'e} Schaller
	and Felix Klement and Florian Frank and Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Testing the Robustness of Physical Unclonable Functions Implemented
	on Commercial Off-the-Shelf NAND Flash Memories Using Programming
	Disturbances to Temperature and Voltage Variations}},
 booktitle = {{2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on Consumer Electronics
	(ICCE-Berlin)}},
 year = {2022},
 month = {9},
 howpublished = {presented in the 2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on Consumer
	Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin 2022)}
}

@inproceedings{Polian2021_Date,
 author = {Ilia Polian and Frank Altmann and Tolga Arul and Christian Boit and
	Ralf Brederlow and Lucas Davi and Rolf Drechsler and Nan Du and Thomas
	Eisenbarth and Tim G\"{u}neysu and Sascha Hermann and Matthias Hiller
	and Rainer Leupers and Farhad Merchant and Thomas Mussenbrock and
	Stefan Katzenbeisser and Akash Kumar and Wolfgang Kunz and Thomas
	Mikolajick and Vivek Pachauri and Jean-Pierre Seifert and Frank Sill
	Torres and Jens Trommer},
 title = {{Nano Security: From Nano-Electronics to Secure Systems}},
 booktitle = {Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE). Design,
	Automation \& Test in Europe (DATE-2021), February 1-5, Grenoble,
	France},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {1334-1339},
 month = {2},
 doi = {10.23919/DATE51398.2021.9474187}
}

@inproceedings{Mexis2021_SIGCOMM,
 author = {Nico Mexis and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Shuai Chen
	and Jan Bambach and Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {A Design for a Secure Network of Networks Using a Hardware and Software
	Co-Engineering Architecture},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGCOMM '21 Poster and Demo Sessions},
 year = {2021},
 series = {SIGCOMM '21},
 pages = {65-67},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
 abstract = {This work concerns the demonstration of a security solution for a
	network of networks, which comprises heterogeneous devices and utilises
	diverse communication protocols. The security solution used in this
	work employs an architecture presented in a previous work, which
	is based upon the concept of hardware and software security co-engineering.},
 doi = {10.1145/3472716.3472849},
 isbn = {9781450386296},
 keywords = {internet of things, network of networks, hardware and software security
	co-engineering},
 location = {Virtual Event},
 numpages = {3}
}

@inproceedings{Mexis2021_CT33,
 author = {Nico Mexis and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul
	and Florian Frank and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Fuzzy Extractors using Low-Density Parity-Check Codes},
 booktitle = {crypto day matters 33},
 year = {2021},
 editor = {Gazdag, Stefan-Lukas AND Tiepelt, Marcel AND Loebenberger, Daniel
	AND N\"{u}sken, Michael},
 month = {09},
 publisher = {Gesellschaft f\"{u}r Informatik e.V./ FG KRYPTO},
 doi = {10.18420/cdm-2021-33-41}
}

@inproceedings{Arul2020_ECCTD,
 author = {Tolga Arul and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Sergej Rei\ss{}ig
	and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {A Study of the Spatial Auto-Correlation of Memory-Based Physical
	Unclonable Functions},
 booktitle = {2020 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD)},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1-4},
 month = {Sep.},
 abstract = {In this work, we examine the spatial auto-correlation exhibited in
	the responses of memory-based Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs).
	In particular, we examine the responses of an SRAM PUF, a DRAM decay-based
	PUF, and a disturbance-based Flash PUF. For the evaluation, we use
	three different metrics that have already been employed in the relevant
	literature for measuring the spatial correlation of other PUF responses.
	Our results prove that the examined PUF responses exhibit little,
	if any, spatial auto-correlation. Thus, these PUFs can be considered
	as security mechanisms of high entropy, which can be utilised to
	enhance the security of the Internet of Things (IoT).},
 doi = {10.1109/ECCTD49232.2020.9218302},
 issn = {2474-9672},
 keywords = {correlation;spatial auto-correlation;Physical Unclonable Function
	(PUF);Static Random Access Memory (SRAM);Dynamic Random Access Memory
	(DRAM);Flash memory}
}

@inproceedings{Heinrich2021_VNC,
 author = {Markus Heinrich and Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Demo: Railway Signalling Security Testbed}},
 booktitle = {{IEEE} Vehicular Networking Conference, {VNC} 2020, New York, NY,
	USA, December 16-18, 2020},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1--2},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {{IEEE}},
 doi = {10.1109/VNC51378.2020.9318338}
}

@inproceedings{Heinrich2020_Safecomp,
 author = {Markus Heinrich and Dominik Renkel and Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Predicting Railway Signalling Commands Using Neural Networks for
	Anomaly Detection},
 booktitle = {Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security},
 year = {2020},
 editor = {Casimiro, Ant{\'o}nio and Ortmeier, Frank and Bitsch, Friedemann
	and Ferreira, Pedro},
 pages = {164--178},
 address = {Cham},
 month = {7},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 abstract = {We propose a new anomaly detection system to defend against semantic
	attacks on the command and control communication in safety-critical
	railway signalling networks. To this end, we train artificial neural
	network on the communication of signal boxes connected to their signals,
	points, and train detection system. We show that it is possible to
	predict the next command with knowledge of only few previously transmitted
	datagrams. We optimize the parameters of the artificial neural network,
	determine the optimal number of previous datagrams, and show that
	our approach is viable in railway stations of various size. Using
	the artificial neural network, we construct an anomaly detection
	system to classify each observed datagram to raise an alert in case
	of deviant behaviour. We further optimize the anomaly detection's
	threshold and show that our classifier is able to operate with a
	false positive rate of 0.03 and a false negative rate of 0.04.},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-54549-9_11},
 isbn = {978-3-030-54549-9}
}

@inproceedings{Puellen2020_Safecomp,
 author = {Dominik P{\"u}llen and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga
	Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Safety Meets Security: Using IEC 62443 for a Highly Automated Road
	Vehicle}},
 booktitle = {Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security},
 year = {2020},
 editor = {Casimiro, Ant{\'o}nio and Ortmeier, Frank and Bitsch, Friedemann
	and Ferreira, Pedro},
 pages = {325--340},
 address = {Cham},
 month = {7},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 abstract = {In this work, we conduct and discuss a consensus-based risk analysis
	for a novel architecture of a driverless and electric prototype vehicle.
	While well-established safety standards like ISO 26262 provide frameworks
	to systematically assess risks of hazardous operational situations,
	the automotive security field has emerged only in the last years.
	Today, SAE J3061 provides recommendations and high-level guiding
	principles of how to incorporate security into vehicle systems. ISO/SAE
	21434 is a novel automotive security standard, which, however, is
	still under development. Therefore, we treat the aforementioned architecture
	as a single Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS) and provide
	an implementation of the IEC 62443 series. We collaboratively identify
	threats in a three-round process and define a scoring scheme for
	automotive risks. As a result, we obtain a tailored bundle of compensating
	security mechanisms. Based on our work, we suggest improvements for
	future automotive security standards when it comes to the co-engineering
	of safety and security.},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-54549-9_22},
 isbn = {978-3-030-54549-9}
}

@inproceedings{ArulICCE_2019,
 author = {Tolga Arul and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Privacy \& Usability of {IPTV} Recommender Systems},
 booktitle = {2019 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)
	(2019 ICCE)},
 year = {2019},
 address = {Las Vegas, USA},
 month = {jan},
 abstract = {IPTV is capable of providing recommendations for upcoming TV programs
	based on consumer feedback. With the increasing popularity and performance
	of recommender systems, risks of user privacy breach emerge. Although
	several works about privacy-preserving designs of recommender systems
	exist in the literature, a detailed analysis of the current state-of-the-art
	regarding privacy as well as an investigation of the usability aspects
	of such systems, so far, have not received consideration. In this
	paper, we survey current approaches for recommender systems by studying
	their privacy and usability properties in the context of IPTV.},
 days = {11},
 doi = {10.1109/ICCE.2019.8662046},
 keywords = {recommender system; privacy; usability}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2019_ICCE,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul and Yufan Fan
	and Manish Kumar and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{AR-PUFs:} Advanced Security Primitives for the Internet of Things
	and {Cyber-Physical} Systems},
 booktitle = {2019 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)
	(2019 ICCE)},
 year = {2019},
 address = {Las Vegas, USA},
 month = {jan},
 abstract = {In this work, we examine very briefly a number of Advanced Reconfigurable
	Physical Unclonable Functions (AR-PUFs) that can be used to enhance
	the security of devices used for the realisation of the Internet
	of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). To this end, we
	also present two practical lightweight protocols that can be implemented
	using such AR-PUFs on IoT and CPS devices, in order to significantly
	enhance their security, even allowing the security of such devices
	to be restored after they have been compromised.},
 days = {11},
 doi = {10.1109/ICCE.2019.8661840},
 keywords = {reconfigurable physical unclonable function; internet of things; cyber-physical
	system}
}

@inproceedings{Puellen2019_VNC,
 author = {Dominik {P\"{u}llen} and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and
	Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Using Implicit Certification to Efficiently Establish Authenticated
	Group Keys for In-Vehicle Networks}},
 booktitle = {2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {1-8},
 month = {12},
 doi = {10.1109/VNC48660.2019.9062785}
}

@inproceedings{Puellen2019_COINS,
 author = {Dominik P\"{u}llen and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga
	Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Security and Safety Co-Engineering of the FlexRay Bus in Vehicular
	Networks}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Omni-Layer Intelligent
	Systems},
 year = {2019},
 series = {COINS '19},
 pages = {31--37},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 month = {5},
 publisher = {ACM},
 acmid = {3312626},
 doi = {10.1145/3312614.3312626},
 isbn = {978-1-4503-6640-3},
 keywords = {FlexRay, automotive, fault-tolerance, in-vehicle communication, reliability,
	safety, security},
 location = {Crete, Greece},
 numpages = {7}
}

@inproceedings{Puellen2018_VNC,
 author = {Dominik {P{\"u}llen} and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and
	Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Poster: Hierarchical Integrity Checking in Heterogeneous Vehicular
	Networks}},
 booktitle = {2018 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC) (IEEE VNC 2018)},
 year = {2018},
 address = {Taipei, Taiwan},
 month = {dec},
 days = {4},
 doi = {10.1109/VNC.2018.8628375}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2018_GIIS,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul and Yufan Fan
	and Jan Lotichius and Christian Hatzfeld and Felipe Fernandes and
	Ratika Sharma and Fatemeh Tehranipoor and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Securing {IoT} Devices Using Robust {DRAM} {PUFs}},
 booktitle = {2018 Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium (GIIS)
	(GIIS'18)},
 year = {2018},
 address = {Thessaloniki, Greece},
 month = {oct},
 abstract = {In this work, we present a novel way in which DRAM modules, which
	are found inherently in many IoT devices, can be used to enhance
	the security of such devices. We test the robustness of two DRAM-based
	security primitives, namely DRAM retention-based PUFs and Row~Hammer
	PUFs, to two external factors, i.e. ambient temperature and voltage
	variations. As both types of PUFs are proven to be highly dependent
	on temperature, we, then, present and discuss ways in which such
	PUFs can be used to implement cryptographic applications in a robust
	way, no longer being affected by temperature variations. Finally,
	we also present a proof-of-concept robust DRAM PUF-based cryptographic
	protocol that can be adapted for different security applications.
	In this way, our work demonstrates a cost-efficient, lightweight
	and practical manner in which even low-end, resource-constrained
	IoT devices can be easily protected.},
 days = {22},
 doi = {10.1109/GIIS.2018.8635789},
 keywords = {internet of things; IoT; security; DRAM PUF; DRAM retention; row hammer}
}

@inproceedings{Arul2018_ICCE,
 author = {Tolga Arul and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Behavioral Workload Generation for {IPTV}},
 booktitle = {2018 IEEE 8th International Conference on Consumer Electronics -
	Berlin (ICCE-Berlin) (ICCE-Berlin 2018)},
 year = {2018},
 address = {Berlin, Germany},
 month = {sep},
 organization = {IEEE},
 days = {1},
 doi = {10.1109/ICCE-Berlin.2018.8576230}
}

@inproceedings{Heinrich2018_ISI,
 author = {Markus Heinrich and Jannik Vieten and Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Security Analysis of the RaSTA Safety Protocol}},
 booktitle = {IEEE Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) 2018},
 year = {2018},
 month = {11},
 organization = {IEEE},
 publisher = {IEEE},
 doi = {10.1109/ISI.2018.8587371}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2018_DSD,
 author = {Nikolaos A. Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul and Markus Rosenstihl
	and Andr{\'e} Schaller and Sebastian Gabmeyer and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Low-Temperature Data Remanence Attacks Against Intrinsic SRAM PUFs}},
 booktitle = {2018 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)},
 year = {2018},
 address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
 month = {8},
 organization = {Euromicro},
 doi = {10.1109/DSD.2018.00102}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2018_MicroNano,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul and Yufan Fan
	and Ravi Sarangdhar and Ratika Sharma and Markus Rosenstihl and Christian
	Hatzfeld and Fatemeh Tehranipoor and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{On the Effects of Environmental Factors on the Functionality of
	Modern Dynamic Random Access Memory Modules}},
 booktitle = {7th International Conference "Micro\&Nano 2018"},
 year = {2018},
 month = {11},
 doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.16373.83681}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2018_CT28,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul and Yufan Fan
	and Christian Hatzfeld and Fatemeh Tehranipoor and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Addressing the Effects of Temperature Variations on Intrinsic Memory-Based
	Physical Unclonable Functions}},
 booktitle = {28th Crypto-Day},
 year = {2018},
 series = {GI},
 month = {8},
 doi = {10.18420/cdm-2018-28-23},
 keywords = {Primitives; P3}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2017_CT26,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Andr{\'e} Schaller and Yufan
	Fan and Wenjie Xiong and Fatemeh Tehranipoor and Tolga Arul and Sebastian
	Gabmeyer and Jakup Szefer and John A. Chandy and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Insights into the Potential Usage of the Initial Values of DRAM
	Arrays of Commercial Off-the-Shelf Devices for Security Applications}},
 booktitle = {26th Crypto-Day},
 year = {2017},
 month = {6},
 doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.21396.50569},
 keywords = {Primitives;P3}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2017_CT27,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Sebastian Gabmeyer and Tolga
	Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {An extensive classification and analysis of attacks against {Physical
	Unclonable Functions (PUFs)}},
 booktitle = {27th Crypto-Day},
 year = {2017},
 month = {12},
 doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.25411.91689}
}

@inproceedings{Sarangdhar2017_CT27_1,
 author = {Ravi Sarangdhar and Yufan Fan and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos
	and Udo Gayer and Frank Flederer and Tobias Mikschl and Tolga Arul
	and Philipp R. John and Kirsten Hierholz and Sergio Montenegro and
	Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{An investigation of the effects of radiation on current key storage
	solutions and on Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) being used
	as key storage}},
 booktitle = {27th Crypto-Day},
 year = {2017},
 month = {12},
 doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.33800.52483},
 keywords = {Primitives;P3}
}

@inproceedings{Schaller2014_Springer,
 author = {Andr{\'e} Schaller and Tolga Arul and Vincent van der Leest and Stefan
	Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Lightweight Anti-counterfeiting Solution for Low-End Commodity Hardware
	Using Inherent PUFs}},
 booktitle = {Trust and Trustworthy Computing},
 year = {2014},
 editor = {Holz, Thorsten and Ioannidis, Sotiris},
 pages = {83--100},
 address = {Cham},
 month = {6},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 abstract = {This paper presents a lightweight anti-counterfeiting solution using
	intrinsic Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs), which are already
	embedded in most commodity hardware platforms. The presented solution
	is particularly suitable for low-end computing devices without on-board
	security features. Our anti-counterfeiting approach is based on extracting
	a unique fingerprint for individual devices exploiting inherent PUF
	characteristics from the on-chip static random-access memory (SRAM),
	which in turn allows to bind software to a particular hardware platform.
	Our solution does not require additional hardware, making it flexible
	as well as cost efficient. In a first step, we statistically analyze
	the characteristics of the intrinsic PUF instances found in two device
	types, both based on a widely used ARM Cortex-M microcontroller.
	We show that the quality of the PUF characteristics is almost ideal.
	Subsequently, we propose a security architecture to protect the platform's
	firmware by using a modified boot loader. In a proof of concept,
	we embed our solution on a state-of-the-art commodity system-on-a-chip
	platform equipped with an MCU similar to the ones previously analyzed.},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-08593-7_6},
 isbn = {978-3-319-08593-7}
}

@inproceedings{Malipatlolla2011_FPT,
 author = {Sunil Malipatlolla and Thomas Feller and Abdulhadi Shoufan and Tolga
	Arul and Sorin. A. Huss},
 title = {A novel architecture for a secure update of cryptographic engines
	on trusted platform module},
 booktitle = {2011 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {1-6},
 month = {Dec},
 doi = {10.1109/FPT.2011.6132705},
 keywords = {cloud computing;cryptography;field programmable gate arrays;information
	technology;trusted computing;IT systems;STPM;TPM cryptographic engines;Xilinx
	Virtex-5 FPGA platform;cloud computing;cryptographic hardware engines;hard-wired
	security modules;powerful computing systems;quantum computers;security
	modules;security requirements;side channel analysis;sustainable trusted
	platform module;trusted computing;Computer architecture;Cryptography;Engines;Field
	programmable gate arrays;Heuristic algorithms;Nonvolatile memory;Cryptography;Field
	Programmable Gate Arrays;Secure Update;Trusted Platform Module;Trustworthiness}
}

@inproceedings{Shoufan2010_Springer,
 author = {Abdulhadi Shoufan and Tolga Arul},
 title = {{Multicast Rekeying: Performance Evaluation}},
 booktitle = {Design Methodologies for Secure Embedded Systems},
 year = {2010},
 editor = {Biedermann, Alexander and Molter, H. Gregor},
 pages = {85--104},
 address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
 month = {11},
 publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
 abstract = {This paper presents a new approach for performance evaluation of rekeying
	algorithms. New system metrics related to rekeying performance are
	defined: Rekeying Quality of Service and Rekeying Access Control.
	These metrics are estimated in relation to both group size and group
	dynamics. A simultor prototype demonstrates the merit of this unified
	assessment method by means of a comprehensive case study.},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-16767-6_5},
 isbn = {978-3-642-16767-6}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2021_WOLTE,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Yufan Fan and Markus Heinrich
	and Nikolay Matyunin and Dominik {P{\"u}llen} and Philipp Muth and
	Christian Hatzfeld and Markus Rosenstihl and Tolga Arul and Stefan
	Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Low-Temperature Attacks Against Digital Electronics: A Challenge
	for the Security of Superconducting Modules in High-Speed Magnetic
	Levitation (MagLev) Trains}},
 booktitle = {2021 IEEE 14th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE) (WOLTE14)
	(In Press)},
 year = {2021},
 address = {Matera, Italy},
 month = {apr},
 days = {14},
 doi = {10.1109/WOLTE49037.2021.9555437}
}

@inproceedings{Anagnostopoulos2019_TWIOS,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Yufan Fan and Tolga Arul
	and Ravi Sarangdhar and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{Lightweight security solutions for IoT implementations in space}},
 booktitle = {2019 IEEE Topical Workshop on Internet of Space (TWIOS)},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {1-4},
 month = {1},
 doi = {10.1109/TWIOS.2019.8771257},
 keywords = {Random access memory;Security;Temperature measurement;Temperature
	sensors;Temperature dependence;Internet of Things}
}

@inproceedings{Matyunin2019_WPES,
 author = {Nikolay Matyunin and Yujue Wang and Tolga Arul and Jakub Szefer and
	Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{MagneticSpy: Exploiting Magnetometer in Mobile Devices for Website
	and Application Fingerprinting}},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society},
 year = {2019},
 series = {WPES'19},
 pages = {66--70},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 month = {11},
 publisher = {ACM},
 acmid = {3268963},
 doi = {10.1145/3338498.3358650},
 location = {London, UK},
 numpages = {5}
}

@inproceedings{Birkholz2018_MILS,
 author = {Henk Birkholz and Christoph Krau{\ss} and Maria Zhdanova Don Kuzhiyelil
	and Tolga Arul and Markus Heinrich and Stefan Katzenbeisser and Neeraj
	Suri and Tsvetoslava Vateva-Gurova and Christian Schlehuber},
 title = {{A Reference Architecture for Integrating Safety and Security Applications
	on Railway Command and Control Systems}},
 booktitle = {4th International Workshop on MILS: Architecture and Assurance for
	Secure Systems},
 year = {2018},
 number = {4},
 address = {Luxembourg},
 month = {6},
 publisher = {Zenodo},
 doi = {10.5281/zenodo.1314095}
}

@inproceedings{Arul2012_WAINA,
 author = {Tolga Arul and Abdulhadi Shoufan},
 title = {{Consumer Opinions on Short-Interval Charging for Pay-TV over IPTV}},
 booktitle = {2012 26th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking
	and Applications Workshops},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {147-153},
 month = {3},
 doi = {10.1109/WAINA.2012.95},
 keywords = {IPTV;video on demand;IPTV;Internet Protocol Television;pay-TV;short-interval
	charging;video on demand;Cable TV;IPTV;Pricing;Satellite broadcasting;Satellites;Subscriptions;IPTV;charging
	model;pay-TV;survey}
}

@misc{Anagnostopoulos2022_Date,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Yufan Fan and Muhammad Umair
	Saleem and Nico Mexis and Florian Frank and Tolga Arul and Stefan
	Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{On the Sustainability of Lightweight Cryptography Based on PUFs
	Implemented on NAND Flash Memories Using Programming Disturbances}},
 howpublished = {Workshop on "Sustainability in Security \& Security for Sustainability"
	(co-located with the 25th Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference
	\& Exhibition (DATE 2022) as Workshop 09)},
 month = {03},
 year = {2022},
 note = {Proceedings not published. Links to relevant preprint versions of
	this work: TechRxiv and arXiv},
 doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2204.02498},
 keywords = {Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), FOS: Computer and information sciences,
	FOS: Computer and information sciences},
 publisher = {arXiv},
 url = {ia.cr/2016/769}
}

@misc{Frank2022_Arxiv,
 author = {Florian Frank and Wenjie Xiong and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos
	and Andr{\'e} Schaller and Tolga Arul and Farinaz Koushanfar and
	Stefan Katzenbeisser and Ulrich Ruhrmair and Jakub Szefer},
 title = {Abusing Commodity DRAMs in IoT Devices to Remotely Spy on Temperature},
 month = {9},
 year = {2022},
 copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International},
 doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2208.02125},
 keywords = {Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), FOS: Computer and information sciences,
	FOS: Computer and information sciences},
 publisher = {arXiv}
}

@misc{Boettger2021_NESSY,
 author = {Simon B\"{o}ttger and Florian Frank and Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos
	and Tolga Arul and Stefan Katzenbeisser and Sascha Hermann},
 title = {{Development of Nanomaterial-Based Physically Unclonable Functions
	and Dedicated Measurement and Testing Devices}},
 howpublished = {Fall School on Nano-Electronics for Secure Systems (NESSY), 10-11
	November 2021, L\"{u}beck, Germany},
 month = {11},
 year = {2021},
 url = {ia.cr/2016/769}
}

@misc{Matyunin2019_arXiv,
 author = {Nikolay Matyunin and Yujue Wang and Tolga Arul and Jakub Szefer and
	Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {{MagneticSpy: Exploiting Magnetometer in Mobile Devices for Website
	and Application Fingerprinting}},
 month = {6},
 year = {2019},
 archiveprefix = {arXiv},
 eprint = {1906.11117},
 primaryclass = {cs.CR},
 url = {ia.cr/2016/769}
}

@misc{Anagnostopoulos2018_Preprint,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Tolga Arul and Yufan Fan
	and Christian Hatzfeld and Andr{\'e} Schaller and Wenjie Xiong and
	Manishkumar Jain and Muhammed Umair Saleem and Jan Lotichius and
	Sebastian Gabmeyer and Jakup Szefer and Stefan Katzenbeisser},
 title = {Intrinsic {Run-Time} Row Hammer PUFs: Leveraging the Row Hammer Effect
	for Run-Time Cryptography and Improved Security},
 howpublished = {Preprints},
 month = {4},
 year = {2018},
 doi = {10.20944/preprints201804.0369.v1},
 url = {ia.cr/2016/769}
}

@misc{Anagnostopoulos2016_Eprint,
 author = {Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos and Stefan Katzenbeisser and
	Markus Rosenstihl and Andr{\'e} Schaller and Sebastian Gabmeyer and
	Tolga Arul},
 title = {Low-temperature data remanence attacks against intrinsic SRAM PUFs},
 howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/769},
 month = {8},
 year = {2016},
 url = {ia.cr/2016/769}
}

@phdthesis{Arul2017_Diss,
 author = {Tolga Arul},
 title = {{Channel Switching-Triggered Charging for Pay-TV over IPTV}},
 school = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Darmstadt},
 year = {2017},
 month = {9},
 abstract = {IPTV as an alternative transmission path for broadcast is gaining
	in importance increasingly. Promoted by the continuous expansion
	of broadband networks and IP convergence, IPTV is an enabler for
	several service-based developments such as time-, device-, and place-shifted
	viewing. In this regard, IPTV is attractive for multiple service
	operators as it can be used both as an instrument of customer retention
	and an additional source of revenue.
	
	Despite these technical advantages we observe, that the technical
	potential of IPTV has not been fully re?ected by any pay-TV charging
	model for broadcast content so far. In particular, a consumer-oriented
	charging model can act as an advantage for pioneering service operators
	who offer novel content and technologies in highly competitive markets.
	
	In this work, we develop a novel short-interval charging model for
	linear pay-TV over IPTV called channel switching-triggered charging.
	For the design, implementation, and evaluation of this model we consider
	requirements of pay-TV consumers and service operators. In particular,
	a special emphasis is placed on the aspects of acceptance. This charging
	model is based on the conventional channel switching actions of users
	and is realized by employing multicast encryption schemes. After
	implementing the proposed model we present a case study. We prove
	that our contribution provides additional benefits for the consumer
	and the service provider while maintaining an equivalent level of
	service quality compared to Free-TV.},
 url = {http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/6680/}
}

@mastersthesis{Arul2009_Diploma,
 author = {Tolga Arul and Peter M{\"u}ller},
 title = {{Multicast-Rekeying f{\"u}r kundenorientiertes IPTV : Marktanalyse
	- Prototyp - Performance-Evaluierung}},
 school = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Darmstadt},
 year = {2009},
 type = {Diploma Thesis},
 month = {July},
 url = {https://hds.hebis.de/ulbda/Record/HEB322907470}
}